Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is the cancer of the male sex glands, which are the testicles (also known as testes or gonads). This type of cancer is very rare and is prominent in males aged 15-40 and is common in males who have a family history of the cancer, have an undescended testicle, have fertility problems, have had abnormal testicle development, have carcinoma in situ of the testicle or abnormal cells in the testicle. Testicular cancers develop in the tissues of the testis (singular for testes), which actually germ cells or sexually reproductive cells, e.g cells that make sperm. The main types of testicular cancers are seminomas and non-seminomas. Almost half of testicular cancers are seminomas while the remainder are non-seminomas. Seminomas grow quite slowly and are sensitive to radiation while non-seminomas have different cells that grow more quickly than seminomas. Non-seminomas usually develop at an earlier age than seminomas.

The signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include, but are not limited to:

• A lump or enlargement in either testicle.
  
• A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
  
• A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum.
  
• Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum.
  
• Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts.
  
• Unexplained fatigue or a general feeling of not being well.

Testicular cancer is more common in white men than in black men. The presence of a cancer gene, TGCT1, may increase the risk of testicular cancer. This gene is passed on by the male's mother and cannot be passed on to his offspring through him.

Most cases of testicular cancers can be treated, with an even better chance if it is discovered at an earlier stage. It is possible to become infertile with treatment so considering sperm banking prior to treatments is encouraged. As the cause of testicular cancer is unknown, the best prevention is to carry-out monthly testicular self-examinations. Take care.

KIP